Exactitud de las fórmulas de cálculo del poder de Lente Intraocular en Cirugía de Cataratas. Comparación de 8 fórmulas / Accuracy of formulas for Intraocular Lens power calculation in Cataract Surgery. A comparison of 8 formulas

Introducción: La cirugía de cataratas tiene como objetivo restablecer la función visual comprometida por la opacificación del cristalino; con el implante del Lente Intraocular se pretende obtener la mejor agudeza visual posible sin corrección adicional. Objetivos: Comparar la exactitud de 8 fórmulas de cálculo de Lentes Intraoculares en la predicción de la refracción postoperatoria con un único dispositivo de biometría óptica en pacientes operados de cirugía de catarata con técnica de facoemulsificación. Materiales y métodos: Serie de casos consecutivos retrospectivos. 100 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía de catarata no complicada con de Lente Intraoculares por un único cirujano; del 1 mayo del 2017 al 1 de mayo del 2018; donde la cirugía fue realizada por córnea clara facoemulsificación. En el período preoperatorio todos los pacientes fueron medidos con biometría óptica. La refracción manifiesta se obtuvo al mes de realizada la cirugía. Resultados: La fórmula más precisa y con mejor desempeño general fue PANACEA con un DRA de 0,18 D; cuando consideramos ojos cortos y largos la fórmula Barrett Universal 2 obtuvo menor error de predicción. HAIGIS y LADAS obtuvieron el mejor desempeño en ojos con cámaras estrechas y profundas respectivamente. Conclusión: No se encontraron diferencias en el defecto refractivo absoluto entre las fórmulas tradicionales de tercera generación y las de reciente desarrollo. Algunas fórmulas tuvieron mejor desempeño al considerar ciertas características anatómicas particulares. Es importante personalizar la elección de la fórmula para cada caso específico.

Introduction: Cataract surgery aims to reestablish visual function compromised by lens opacification; Intraocular Lens implantation the aim is to achieve the best visual acuity without additional correction. In recent years, new Intraocular Lens calculation formulas have appeared that could be more accurate than traditional formulas. Objectives: To compare the accuracy of 8 intraocular lens calculation formulas in the prediction of postoperative refraction with a single optical biometry device in patients undergoing cataract surgery with phacoemulsification technique. Materials and methods: Consecutive retrospective case series. Between May 1 2017 and May 1 2018; 100 patients undergo uncomplicated cataract surgery with Intraocular Lens implantation using the phacoemulsification technique. One surgeon did the cases. Optical Biometry was performed using the IOL Master 500 device. Manifest refraction was obtained one month after the surgery. Results: PANACEA was the most accurate formula; with an Absolute Refractive Defect of 0,18 D. When Considering only short and long eyes Barrett Universal 2 got the smallest defect. HAIGIS and LADAS performed better in eyes with narrow and deep anterior chamber respectively. Conclusion: No differences in Absolute Refractive Defect were found between traditional third-generation formulas and those of recent development. Some formulas performed better when considering certain particular anatomical features. It is important to customize the choice of the formula for each specific case.

Resultado visual de la cirugía de catarata en niños del Hospital San Felipe Enero 2001-Enero 2017 / Visual results of cataract surgery in children at Hospital san Felipe January 2001-january 2017

Antecedentes: La incidencia de catarata en niños es 1/6-10 000 nacimientos. El uso de lente intraocular (LIO) es controversial. Ob-jetivo: Determinar el método de corrección de agudeza visual (AV) más efectivo utiliza-do en pacientes pediátricos operados de catarata en la Consulta Externa de Oftalmo-logía del Hospital San Felipe de enero 2001- enero 2017. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional cuantitati-vo, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en la Consulta Externa de Oftalmología del Hospital San Felipe, Hospital de Referencia Nacional. El universo y la muestra corres-pondió a 90 ojos de 71 pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de catarata en la consulta externa de oftalmología del Hospital San Felipe durante al periodo enero 2001-enero 2017. Se incluyó todo ojo de paciente de 6 meses a 14 años de edad operado de cata-rata en Hospital San Felipe. Se excluyó todo ojo de paciente pediátrico con diagnóstico de catarata que tuviese otra condición que comprometiera su AV (desprendimiento de retina, cicatriz macular, atrofia óptica, leuco-ma corneal) y/o que no hubiese sido interve-nido quirúrgicamente por la catarata. Resul-tados: Se encontraron 90 ojos operados: 40.45% cataratas congénitas y 35.96% trau-máticas. La agudeza visual previa de cuentaVisual results of cataract surgery in children at Hospital san Felipe January 2001-january 2017Resultado visual de la cirugía de catarata en niños del Hospital San Felipe Enero 2001-Enero 2017dedos ­ percepción de luz (CD-PL) en un 71.1% de los casos. Al 47.8% de los casos se practicó EEC+LIO CP. Complicaciones transoperatorias: ruptura de cápsula poste-rior (15.5%) y 1 luxación de cristalino a cámara vítrea. La agudeza visual obtenida posterior a la cirugía entre 20/20 -20/40 se obtuvo con lente intraocular (52.4%). Con-clusiones: La mejor AV se obtuvo con LIO...(AU)

Elevated intraocular pressure in paediatric cataract surgery in a reference centre. / Presión intraocular elevada en catarata pediátrica intervenida en un centro de referencia.

OBJECTIVE: To study elevated postoperative intraocular pressure (PIOP) after paediatric cataract surgery in a reference centre and to compare the results obtained with the most relevant world literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted, collecting information from clinical records of 99 patients (142 eyes) operated on due to unilateral or bilateral paediatric cataracts between 2000 and 2008. RESULTS: The proportion of eyes with PIOP≥20mmHg and bilateral cataracts was higher, 79.3%, than the proportion of eyes with PIOP≥20mmHg and a unilateral cataract, 20.7% (P=.032). The proportion of eyes with PIOP≥20mmHg between the eyes with cataract surgery before one month of age was higher, 50%, than between the eyes in which the cataract surgery was performed after one month of age, 17.2% (P=.009). PIOP values≥20mmHg were associated with a lower best corrected visual acuity at 5 years after cataract surgery (P=.020). The proportion of eyes with PIOP≥20mmHg and without intraocular lenses was higher, 69%, than the proportion of eyes with PIOP≥20mmHg and intraocular lenses, 31% (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A PIOP>20mmHg was observed in 20.4% of eyes in a 5-year follow-up period, appearing more frequently in eyes with bilateral cataract than unilateral, and in aphakic eyes more than pseudophakic eyes. Elevation of the PIOP was associated with the performance of cataract surgery at early ages.

[Study of the effect of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in pseudophakic macular edema. Preliminary]. / Estudio de la eficacia del implante intravítreo de dexametasona en el edema macular pseudofáquico. Resultados preliminares.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implant on the treatment of pseudophakic macular edema (PME). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, descriptive study was conducted on 4 patients who received an intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant due to PME in the period from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013 in the Hospital Universitario de La Ribera (Alzira, Valencia, Spain). A complete ophthalmic examination was performed on these patients. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular thickness), and duration of the effect of the treatment were studied. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean MT was 414µm. After dexamethasone implant, mean values of MT decreased to 330.25µm at month one. The mean change from baseline MT was 83.75µm. The baseline mean BCVA was 0.3 and improved to 0.575 at month one and 3. The mean duration of the effect of the treatment was 3.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal dexamethasone implant is a possible treatment for Irvine-Gass syndrome as it improved visual acuity and reduced the macular thickness of these patients.

[Evaluation of predictability and refractive changes in pediatric pseudophakia]. / Evaluación de la predictibilidad y cambio refractivo en pseudofaquia pediátrica.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the predictability of the postoperative refraction and refractive changes in pediatric pseudophakia. METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal follow-up on patients under the age of 15 years operated on for a cataract with intraocular lens, with 5 continuous years of follow-up. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to age at the time of the surgery: group from 0 to 2 years old, from 3 to 5 years old, from 6 to 8 years old, and 9 years and over. Error prediction and refractive change were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t and ANOVA test. RESULTS: A total of 60 eyes were included (44 patients). No significant differences were found between the unilateral and bilateral group. The prediction error in the 0 to 2 years group was 1.5±1.8 D, significantly higher than in the other groups (ANOVA P=.01). Refractive change in 5 years of the group of 0 to 2 years was -4.7±3.4 D (ANOVA P=.0002), while in the other groups it was significantly lower, with no differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: The 0 to 2 years group was less hyperopic than expected, 100% within the accepted of 2 standard deviations, but with a high variability. The refractive change observed in this group coincides with previous reports that the largest growth and increase in axial length occurs during the first 2 years. The calculation and use of an IOL in children has a better immediate refractive prediction, and at long term in those older than 2 years of age.